Development of 2.14 M one sheet canoe (SAMPAN) for pond activities

A 2.14 M length overall (LOA) flat bottom modern canoe (Sampan), was designed and constructed using locally available materials. The canoe features include easy construction, portability, least cost, light weight, shallow draft, and easy maneuverability. The light displacement (weight empty) was 25kg, which was less than local canoe of same size. When placed on water a draft of 5.5cm. The capacity of the canoe was 200kg, and the total production cost of N10, 000.00, ($67) which was not beyond the reach of an average fisher folks, or any fish farmer. The canoe was easily maneuvered when propelled by paddling as it floated at a shallow draft; this makes the canoe adequate for use on shallow water bodies such as ponds and reservoirs. The craft, because of its easy maneuverability, can also be used on shallow water bodies for recreational activities such as, sport fishing and canoeing

Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus antibodies and CD4 level among HIV/AIDS patients attending Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is member is a member of the family Herpesviridae. It establishes latent state following primary infection, reactivating when there are changes in immune status. It is a virus of paradoxes and can be a potential killer or a silent lifelong companion. CMV infection is a common opportunistic viral infection among HIV/AIDS patients.Aim: This study therefore aimed at Studying “Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus (IgG, IgM) antibodies and CD4 level among HIV Positive Patients Attending Specialist Hospital, Sokoto.Methodology: A total of 90 HIV patients and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled. Blood was collected and the samples were screened serologically for IgG, IgM, IgG/IgM antibodies and CD4 levels were estimated. Results: The results showed that out of 90 HIV patients, 15(16.6%) were IgG reactive, 6(7.1%) IgM reactive and 5(5.88%) were IgG/IgM reactive. For the Controls out of 30, 3(10%) IgG positive, 3(10%) IgM and2 (6.6%) IgG/IgM positive with p=0.358, 0.689, 0.824 respectively. This shows that there no statistically significant difference between CMV infection in HIV patients and Healthy individuals. The CD4 level was estimated for test and control, Mean 514.92±202.36 and 997.84±145 respectively. P value is 0.000 which shows that there is statistically significant difference between CD4 level in the test and control. Similarly, the association between CD4 level and CMV antibodies (IgG, IgM and IgG/IgM) was obtained using Chi square and the p values were 0.057, 0.968 and 0.464. This indicated that there is no statistically significant association between CD4 level and CMV infections.Conclusion: Although, the study indicated that CMV infection among HIV positive cases is statistically not significant, but the case study reveals the need of further investigation to highlight the severity of the problem. It will help in better management of the HIV cases with early diagnosis of CMV antibodies in the patients

The Effect of Board Attributes on Real Earnings Management in Nigerian Financial Institutions

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between board attributes and real earnings management of listed Nigerian financial institutions. The residuals from Roychowdhury model (2006) is used to proxy real earnings management. Data were collected from 45 financial institutions quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) from 2011 to 2016. For analysis purpose, the Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSEs) regression was utilized. The regression result shows that board meeting and board expertise have a significant positive impact on real earnings management. Whereas, female directors has a significant negative influence on real earnings management. The study recommends that the authorities concerned in Nigeria should concentrate on the recent technique of real earnings management (cash flow from operation, discretionary expenses and cost of goods sold) known to board members in developed economies in order to play a pivotal role in constraining corporate managers to act opportunistically in the ordinary course of business activities and preparing financial reports

Review of urological cancers in Damaturu, Nigeria

 Background: Urological cancers (UC) remain a major global burden and a significant cause of high morbidity and mortality. In other to plan and tackle this burden, there is need to audit the pattern of these malignancies in our locality which is currently lacking.  Hence, the objectives of our study were to describe the histological pattern, frequency and demographic characteristics of urological cancers seen in Damaturu.Methods: The reports of all the urological specimens that were histologically diagnosed as malignant between November 2017 to October 2019 in the histopathology department of Yobe state university teaching hospital, were analyzed. The department keeps newly established cancer registry for the state.Results:  Fifty-five UC were diagnosed, with male to female ratio of 13.8:1. These UC constitute 34.1% of the 161 urological specimens assessed and 26.4% of all types of medical cancers diagnosed in the period of study. Prostate cancer dominates the UC (41; 73.8%), followed by bladder cancers (11; 19.8%) and the remaining kidney, penis and testicular cancers (1; 1.8%) each.Conclusions: Urological cancers are very common in our region, particularly prostate cancers in which majority were poorly differentiated. This report though analyzed few cancers, the proportion of UC is high. Urothelial cancer of the bladder is now more frequent than squamous cell carcinoma. This study can serve as basis for future epidemiologic studies targeting at the risk factors, awareness and prevention of UC

Web application development process

There are a lot of challenges when it comes to the developing of the right web site with the application at the right time. Web sites that initially started as a few Web pages grew in size and after a while became unmanageable. There are a lot of cases where managers wanting to develop Web sites for their organizations getting frustrated because they could not get the Web site they wanted to developed in a timely manner within a reasonable budget. Another common downside occurrence is that if an information change,appropriate changes to all relevant Web pages becomes very difficult. Although, by performing a context analysis and developing a product model and a process model before going into the details will be able to allow developers to meet the client I user requirements. Unfortunately, information are dynamic, each day there are onward addition of updates and subtraction of outdate these however remain as a strong challenges, as a result this chapter provide some possible ways of respond to some challenges faced while developing a particular web site called "Peer Student Portal". A highdegree of client-user participation (problem analysis), testing (as the measure issue) and flexibility of web application has been recognized to be some of the major critical activities during web developmen

Religion among the Kambari People before and after the British Colonial Rule

The research on which this paper is based is on the history of religious development among the Kambari people from the pre-colonial to date. It also examines the main contributing factors that had assisted in both preserving and in weakening the Kambari traditional religious practices, an event which later brought about remarkable cultural and religious changes among the people. Generally speaking, notwithstanding the acute shortage of documented sources the paper has been able through the use of oral data to bring into light the major structure and dynamics of the Kambari traditional religion and its interaction with Islam, Christianity and Western Education

Maximisation of the organic load rate and minimisation of oxygen consumption in aerobic biological wastewater treatment processes by manipulation of the hydraulic and solids residence time

The assistance of Ms Liz Hendrie in setting up the experiments is highly acknowledged and appreciated.Peer reviewedPostprin

PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE MANDIBLE OF THREE BREEDS OF SHEEP: A GROSS STUDY

This study aims to evaluate and compare the development of the mandible and gross anatomy in three breeds of sheep. A total of 180 and 720 prenatal and postnatal samples were used respectively, their skulls were macerated and mandibles detached. In prenatal life, the mental and mandibular foramina were rudimentary in the late 1st trimester and 2nd trimester and developed in the 3rd trimester. The alveolus and mandibular canal differentiated in the 3rd trimesters respectively. In the postnatal life, the ventral border was convexed in Uda but flat in Balami and Yankasa breeds. The angular part of the ramus was thin in Uda and thick in Balami and Yankasa. The mandibular tuberosity was absent in Balami and Yankasa but present in Uda. There was a small accessory foramen caudal to the mental foramen just below the first premolar teeth in the Uda and Yankasa. The labial surface was wide and rough in Balami and Uda but smooth in Yankasa. The medial surface was flat in the young postnatal and convexed in the adult postnatal. It was brought to a conclusion that the mandible in the Nigerian breeds undergoes various morphological changes from prenatal and postnatal ages with peculiar differentiating features

Design and construction of 2.14 m. LOA (one sheet) flat bottom canoe (punt) for pond activities

A 2.14M length overall (LOA) flat bottom canoe (punt), was designed and constructed using locally available materials. The features of the canoe are least cost material, light weight, shallow draft and easy maneuverability. The canoe's light displacement (weight empty) was 28kg, which was less.than local canoe of same size. When placed on water a draft of 5.5cm was achieved which is 14.8% of its depth (37cm). The capacity of the canoe was 200kg, and the total production cost of N8, 700.00 which was, not beyond, the reach of an average fisher folks, or any fish farmer. The canoe was easily maneuvered when propelled by paddling as it floated at a shallow draft; this makes the canoe adequate for use on shallow water bodies such as ponds and reservoirs. Such easily maneuvered craft can also be used on pond or reservoirs for recreation which include, sport fishing, canoein